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This Tocco Report follows that transformation across five chapters. Part I examines ocean waste and its recycling into new material flows. Part II focuses on algae and their rapidly scaling bio-based chemistry. Part III turns to shells, chitosan, and fish skins as building blocks for biopolymers and leather alternatives. Part IV examines aquaculture as a biomass platform for food, fertilisers, and next-generation materials. Part V closes with the forces of the sea: energy, minerals, and current-driven systems that unlock power densities far beyond solar or wind. Together, these perspectives form a panorama of how ocean industries are scaling from niche experiments to critical infrastructures.